Section+5-4+Alexander's+Empire

Chapter 5-4: Alexander's Empire

**__ Key Words: __** - Macedonia: Kingdom north of Greece

**__Important People:__** - Philip II

**__ Key Points: __**

//Philip Builds Macedonian Power:// - Macedonia located north of Greece - Rough terrain and cold climate - Lived in mountain villages - Greeks looked down on them

//Philip's Army:// - 359 BC, Philip II became king - 23 years old, great general, brutal politician - Trained the villagers to be a great army - Used phalanxes

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Conquest of Greece:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Demosthenes tried to warn the Greeks of Macedonian power <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Urged them to join together against Philip <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- The city-states didn't <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Philip and his army conquered at battle of Chaeronea <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Ended Greek independence <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Philip planned to invade Persia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Never did, got stabbed at daughter's wedding <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Son took over Macedonia, named Alexander

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Alexander Defeats Persia:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 20 years old when takes over Macedonia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Teacher was Aristotle <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Learned science, geography, literature <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Carried Iliad with him where ever he went

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Invasion of Persia:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> - In 334 BC Alexander invaded Persia with 35,000 men <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Crossed at the Hellespont <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Forces met at Granicus River <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Persia had 40,000 men to defend Persia <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Darius III, the king of Persia, sent 50,000 to 75,000 men to destroy the Macedonian army <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Macedonia won the battle

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Conquering the Persian Empire:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Darius III offered Alexander west of Euphrates <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Alexander didn't take the offer <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Alexander took over Egypt became pharaoh <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Founded Alexandria <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Macedonian and Persian met at Gaugamela <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Alexander took over the Persian Empire <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Took over Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Alexander's Other Conquests:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Reigned over southwest Asia

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Alexander in India:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 326 BC marched to the Indus Valley <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Fought an Indian army <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- After winning battle marched 200 miles further <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Morale low <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- After marching further, turned back <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 323 BC Alexander got back to Babylon <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Unified his empire <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Died at the age of 32 years old because of a fever

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Alexander's Legacy:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- After death, generals fought for power <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Antigonus became king of Macedonia/took control of Greek city-states <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Ptolemy seized Egypt/became dynasty <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Seleucus took over old Persian Empire