Section+7-2+Trade+Spreads+Indian+Religions+and+Culture

Chapter 7-2: Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture

**__ Key Words: __** - Bodhisattvas: People who have the potential to become Buddhas - Stupas: mounds built over holy relics - Silk roads: Routes that were used to transport silk from China to western Asia and Rome

**__Important People:__** - Bodhisattvas - Kalidasa - Mauryan Empire

**__ Key Points: __**

//Buddhism and Hinduism Change:// - 250 BC Hinduism and Buddhism = India's two main faiths - Over centuries separated from people

//A More Popular Form of Buddhism:// - When Buddha died, followers interpreted teachings in different ways - Some taught Buddha as god (against his wishes) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Others believed that many people could become Buddhas <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- These people called bodhisattvas <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- First century AD Buddhism split into two parts <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Mahayana = follow looser rule <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Theravada = follow original stricter teachings

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//A Hindu Rebirth:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Started to become more towards monotheism <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Three most important gods = Vishnu, Brahma, Shiva (Shiva/Vishnu = favorite)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Achievements of Indian Culture:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- When religions changed Indian culture did too <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Changes in lit. art, science, and math

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Literature and the Preforming Arts:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- One of India's greatest writers = Kalidasa <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Southern India = Rich literary tradition <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Drama = very popular <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Madurai = major academics in lit.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Expansion in trade = advances in science <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Used stars to navigate at sea astronomy knowledge <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Because of Greek invasion adopted methods of keeping time (7 day weeks, days with hours, calendar around sun cycles) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Proved earth was round by observing lunar eclipse

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Spread of Indian Trade:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- India rich in precious resources (diamonds, gold, sapphires, pearls and precious/beautiful wood)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Overland Trade, East and West:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Silk Roads played major role in trade <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Made great profit as in-between person for China and Rome

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Sea Trade, East and West// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Sea trade also increases <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Costal routes = Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Big sea trade with Rome (spices) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Some Romans upset <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Another trader = Africa (ivory, gold)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Effects of Indian Trade:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Increased trade led rise = banking <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Loaned money and charged intrest <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Average intrest rate = 240 percent