Section+5-5+The+Spread+of+Hellenistic+Culture

__**Chapter 5-5: The Spread of Hellenistic Culture**__

**__ Key Words: __** - Hellenism: Egyptian, Persian, Indian influence mixing with Greek culture -

**__Important People:__** - Eulid

**__ Key Points: __**

//Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria:// - When Greek culture mixed with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influence called Hellenism - Koine was the popular language - Allowed common people to communicate throughout the world

//Trade and Cultural Diversity:// - Alexandria became biggest center of commerce/Hellenistic culture <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Ships from all over Mediterranean stopped at Alexandria <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 3rd century became international community <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Population = Over 500,000 people

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Alexandria's Attractions:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Avenues in Alexandria lined with Greek god statues <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- In Alexandria built first lighthouse called Pharos <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 350 feet tall <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Famous museum + library <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Alexandrian library held over half a million scrolls

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Athens Builds a Limited Democracy:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Athens had power struggles between rich and poor <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Avoided uprising by creating a democracy

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Astronomy:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Alexandria museum had observatory <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Allowed astronomers to study space <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Famous astronomer, Aristarchus <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Reached big conclusions about the universe <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Said that sun being 300 times bigger than the earth <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Proposed that Earth and other revolved around the Earth <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Ptolemy placed the earth at the center of universe <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Accepted for next 14 centuries <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Eratosthenes tried to calculate the size of Earth

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Mathematics and Physics:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> - Eratosthenes and Aristarchus used geometric text created by Eulid <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Eulid = respected mathematician <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Wrote //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Elements //(contained 465 geometric proofs/propositions) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Archimedes estimated the value of pi <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Invented the Archimedes screw and compound pulley

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Stoicism and Epicureanism:// <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Zeno founded school of philosophy <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Called Stoicism <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Preached human desire, power, wealth were dangerous <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Epicureanism founded school of though <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Called Epicureanism <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Only real objects were ones that could be sensed by the five senses <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Gods ruled the universe were not interested in humans <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">