Section+6-2+The+Roman+Empire

__**Chapter 6-2: The Roman Empire**__

**__ Key Words: __** - Triumvirate: a group of three people -

**__Important People:__** - Julius Caesar - Tiberius - Gaius

**__ Key Points: __**

//Economic Turmoil:// - More wealth in Rome - Bigger gap between rich/poor - 100 BC slaves = 1/3 of population - Small farmers couldn't compete - To many large estates with slaves - The small farmers sold farms to large estates <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Joined poor (1/4 Roman population) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Two brothers wanted to limit sizes of estates to help poor <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Both were murdered (133 BC and 121 BC) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Following death was civil war

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Military Upheaval:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- As void between rich and poor increased military became unstable <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Generals seized land <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Soldiers fought for only their commander and their pay

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Julius Caesar Takes Control:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 60 BC Julius Caesar made allies <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Became consul in 59 BC <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Ruled Rome for ten years (Crassus/Pompey) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Strong leader/military strategy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Served one year <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Declared himself ruler of Gaul (France) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 58-50 BC conquered all of Gaul <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Became popular in Rome because of this <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Pompey became Caesar's political rival <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Became dictator of Rome in 44 BC

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Caesar's Reforms:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Governed as mighty ruler (all powerful) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Granted Roman citizenship to many other people in provinces <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Helped poor by creating jobs <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Increased soldier pay <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- March 15, 44 BC stabbed to death (Marcus Brutus, Gaius Cassius)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Beginning of the Empire:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Civil war started after death of Caesar <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus ruled as second Triumvirate <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Eventually alliance ended <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Octavian became single ruler of Roman empire <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Adopted name Augustus

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//A Vast and Powerful Empire:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 27 BC - 180 AD was Roman most powerful <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Called Pax Romana <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Roman empire = 3 million square miles <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Population = 60 to 80 million <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 1 million in Rome

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//A Sound Government:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Augustus = best Roman ruler <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Set up civil service <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Augustus died in 14 AD <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- The government that was set up kept the empire together

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Agriculture and Trade:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Most important industry = agriculture <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 90% population = farmers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Other items from trade <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Used common coinage <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Vast trading routes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Large network of roads

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//The Roman World:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Emphasis on discipline, strength, loyalty <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Person with all values = gravitas <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Practical people <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Slaves and Captivity:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Slave = important <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Important in economy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Slaves bought and sold <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Worked in city and farms

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Gods and Goddess// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Numinas = powerful spirits <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Lares = family protection spirits <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Government + Religion <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Jupiter/Juno/Minerva

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Society and Culture:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-