Section+6-1+The+Roman+Republic

__**Chapter 6-1: The Roman Republic**__

**__ Key Words: __** - Republic: form of government in which power rests with the citizens who can vote for their leaders

**__Important People:__** - Remus - Romulus

**__ Key Points: __**

//The Origins of Rome:// - Founded (from legend) by Romulus and Remus - Founded in 753 BC - Sons of Mars and latin princess - Abandoned and raised by she wolf - Actually built by men

//Rome's Geography:// - Built by Tiber river - Near center of Italian peninsula

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//The First Romans:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- First settlers arrived in prehistoric times <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 1000 to 500 BC three main powers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Greeks, Latins, Etruscans <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Etruscans greatly influenced the Latins <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- The Latins (Romans) used their written language, architecture

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//The Early Republic:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 600 BC Etruscan became king of Rome <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Last king = Tarquin the Proud <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Terrible tyrant driven out in 509 BC <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- After this Rome established a republic <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Voting was for free male citizens

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Patrician and Plebeians:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Two groups struggled for power <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Patricians = wealthy landowners <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Plebeians = common people

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Twelve Tables:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Important victory for Platricians = written law <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Before laws were unwritten <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 451 BC ten officials wrote down Roman laws <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Carved into 12 tables

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Government Under the Republic:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- In 1st century BC Rome boasted balanced government <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Best features from, monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Had two consuls <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Senate = aristocracy of Roman government <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- When Rome was in trouble, dictator was elected

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//The Roman Army:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Roman soldiers organized in legions <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 5,000 heavily armored foot soldiers <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Cavalry supported each legion

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Rome Conquers Italy:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Fourth century BC Romans controlled central Italy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 265 BC Roman mastered almost all of Italy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Had different laws for each conquered part

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Rome's Commercial Network:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Location of Rome = easy acces to riches of Mediterranean

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//War with Carthage:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 264 BC Rome went to war with Carthage <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Started the Punic Wars <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Rome won <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Second Punic War started in 218 BC <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Carthage had general named Hannibal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Unfortunately couldn't take over Rome

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Rome Triumphs:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Romans found general to match Hannibal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- He was named Scipio <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 202 BC Romans discovered Hannibal <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Third Punic War (149-146 BC) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Rome set fire to Carthage <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- These victories gave Rome mastery over western Mediterranean