Section+2-3+Planned+Cities+on+the+Indus

Chapter 2-3: Planned Cities on the Indus

**__ Key Words: __** - Monsoons = Powerful wind storms - Harappan Civilization = Indus Valley civilization

**__Important People:__** -

**__ Key Points: __**

//The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent// - Protection from north (mountains) and east (desert); Fertile land in between (Indus/Ganges rivers = Indo-Gangetic) - Below plain, Deccan Plateau surrounded by small mountains (Eastern/Western Ghats)

//Monsoons// - October - February = wind blow storm westward across country - June - October = wind blows eastward out to sea

//Environmental// // Challenges: // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Unpredictable floods (deposited silt) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Rivers changed course <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Wet/dry season sporadic (no rain crops died, to much rain flooding)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Civilization Emerges on the Indus// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Historians know less Indus Valley than western civilizations

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Earliest Arrivals:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Not sure exactly when land settled <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Around 3200 BC farmers arrive

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Planned Cities// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 2500 BC settlers of Indus Valley region beginning building cities (built levees/man-made islands) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Largest cities Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa (Harappan Civilization) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Indus Valley cities = specific grid pattern (plumbing/sewage systems)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Harappan Planning:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Harappa built on mud brick platform, 3 1/2 mile long surrounding wall <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- 30 foot wide streets (grid system)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">//Harappan Culture:// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Written language (impossible to decipher) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Social structure not as great as in Egyptian and Mesopotamian society, combat limited <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Leader = close religious ties <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Prosperous trade